1 in 10 Indian Women Affected as Disorders Surge

World Thyroid Day

New Delhi, May 23, 2025:

As World Thyroid Day approaches on May 25th, new data highlights the significant burden of thyroid disorders in India, with nearly 1 in 10 women in the country suffering from these conditions. The National Family Health Survey (NFHS) V reveals a stark gender disparity, reporting that 2.7% of women aged 15-49 have thyroid disorders, compared to just 0.5% of men.

Hypothyroidism, an underactive thyroid, is notably common in India. The prevalence is significantly higher in women, at 11.4%, almost double the 6.2% found in men. This considerable difference between genders is primarily linked to women’s unique hormonal shifts, particularly during key life stages such as pregnancy and menopause.

The thyroid, a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the neck, is a vital regulator of metabolism, energy, reproduction, and mood through the production of hormones like thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Dysregulation leads to thyroid disease, encompassing both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid).

Symptoms vary widely, making early diagnosis challenging. Hypothyroidism often manifests as fatigue, weight gain, depression, dry skin, and cold sensitivity. Conversely, hyperthyroidism can cause weight loss, anxiety, irritability, heat sensitivity, and a rapid heartbeat. Some individuals may also develop goitre, a visible swelling in the neck. The often-subtle and non-specific nature of these symptoms frequently leads to misdiagnosis or delayed detection.

Dr. P S Mondal, Consultant Physician and Diabetologist, Suraksha Diagnostics, emphasises the critical implications of untreated thyroid disease: “Thyroid disorders are often associated with other autoimmune diseases.In women, it can cause infertility, irregular periods, or miscarriage. It also raises the risk of heart problems like high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and even heart failure in severe cases. In children, untreated hypothyroidism can result in serious developmental delays and stunted physical and mental growth. During pregnancy, it may lead to preterm birth, low birth weight, and postpartum hemorrhage. It can come from family members and autoimmune diseases, making it all the more important to identify those at risk early.”The doctor further stressed the crucial role of timely screening, particularly for women planning a family or who are already pregnant.

While women bear a disproportionate burden, experts note a rising trend in thyroid disorders among men as well.

Maintaining a healthy thyroid hinges on adopting a balanced lifestyle. Incorporating iodine-rich foods such as dairy, eggs, and iodised salt, alongside stress reduction and regular exercise, can be beneficial. Crucially, regular health check-ups, especially for those with a family history of thyroid disorders, are key to early diagnosis and effective management. Suraksha Diagnostics, with its advanced thyroid screening packages and expert consultation, encourages individuals—especially women—to prioritize regular check-ups for early detection and timely management of thyroid disorders.

World Thyroid Day serves as a vital reminder that despite its commonality, thyroid disease is highly manageable. Increased awareness, early detection, and a commitment to a healthy lifestyle are pivotal in safeguarding individuals and their loved ones from the long-term consequences of these silent health disruptors.