CMAAO Coronavirus Facts and Myth Buster Mantra, Alphabets and Speech

May 24, 2020

Dr KK AggarwalPresident CMAAO, HCFI, Past National President IMA, Chief Editor Medtalks

(With inputs from Dr Monica Vasudev, Ashok Chakradhar and Preti Prajapati)

India

healthysoch

New Delhi, May 24, 2020 :

Speech May Spread COVID-19 :

Yes, Normal human speech is capable of emitting droplets that can carry the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The droplets may linger in the air for up to 14 minutes, thus reinforcing the importance of masking.

Talking, shouting, talking loudly, singing, coughing and sneezing all can transmit the infection. [Valentyn Stadnytskyi, from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, and colleagues, May 13 in PNAS.]

Previous research revealed that these droplets can contain respiratory pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosisinfluenza viruses, and measles virus. Could they also carry SARS-CoV-2?

Method: To determine the size of droplets emitted through speech, investigators have used an intense sheet of laser to visualize bursts of speech droplets that are produced when people said the words “stay healthy.” The method can detect speech droplets with diameters of <30 μm, which could remain airborne for a longer period than the larger droplets that have typically been the subject of research.

One minute of loud speaking can produce at least 1000 droplets capable of carrying virions, i.e., units of the virus that can cause infection. The droplets have been found to remain airborne for 8 to 14 minutes. This is long enough for someone to inhale them and contract the infection.

Droplet nuclei averaged 12 to 21 μm in diameter when first emitted and 4 μm after drying in the air. A 10-μm droplet has a 0.37% probability of containing at least one virion.

The study builds on previous research, particularly a study of hospitals in Wuhan, China, that revealed that RNA from the virus could be found in droplets as small as 0.25 μm. Yuan Liu, from State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, China, and colleagues published the findings online April 27 in the journal Nature. They did not measure the virions.

On the contrary, a laboratory study led by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) demonstrated that virions persisted in aerosols created by artificial means for hours, with a median half-life of 1.1 to 1.2 hours. Neeltje van Doremalen, PhD, and Trenton Bushmaker, BSc, and colleagues published the findings online April 19 in the New England Journal of Medicine. They did not measure the size of droplet needed to carry a virion.

study from Chicago noted that tightly woven cloth masks, whether cotton, natural silk and chiffon, are capable of filtering over half of particles ranging from 10 nm to 6.0 μm, provided they fit well. A poor fit can diminish their efficiency by over 60%.

A bad mask might be worse than none at all if it gives false confidence to the wearer. Even a mask that provides partial protection can lead to significant reduction in exposure. The higher the dose the worse the case. We all want to get the kind of SARS-CoV-2 that causes mild symptoms.”

What are alphabets?

  • Kwarga:         ka             kha     ga    gha           nga   (throat)
  • Chavarga:     Cha           Chha   Ja     Jha           nga    (Palate)
  • Tavarga         ta              Tha    da     dha           na      (tongue)
  • Tvarga           ta              tha    da     dha           na      (dental)
  • Pavarga         pa             pha    ba     bha           ma     (lips)

What are alpa prana?

  • Alphabets of akshar which use little breath and little force (aspirate) are less likely to spread the infection.
  • Source: Ayugma vargayamaga yanascalpasavah smrtah or अयुग्मावर्गयमगा यणश्चाल्पासवः स्मृताः which means the vowels, semivowels, nasals and the letters (1 and 3) क् च् ट् त् प् ग् ज् ड् द् ब् (k c  t p g j  d b).
  • Source: Alpaprāṇa (अल्पप्राण)have little power or strength, having short breath, asthmatic; °णश्च क्रियासु भवति (aśca kriyāsu bhavati) Suśr. (-a) 1 slight breathing or weak aspiration.

What are maha prana?

  • Alphabets of akshar which use more breath and more force (aspirate) are more likely to spread the infection.
  • Maha Prana: they are letters 2, 4 and sibilants  sh shh s h, श ष स ह

अल्पप्राण व्यंजन

ऐसे व्यंजन जिनको बोलने में कम समय लगता है और बोलते समय मुख से कम वायु निकलती है उन्हें

अल्पप्राण व्यंजन (Alppran) कहते हैं। इनकी संख्या 20 होती है।

क ग ङच ज ञट ड ण ड़त द नप ब मय र ल वइसमेंक वर्ग का पहला, तीसरा, पाँचवा अक्षरच वर्ग का पहला, तीसरा, पाँचवा अक्षरट वर्ग

का पहला, तीसरा, पाँचवा अक्षरत वर्ग का पहला, तीसरा, पाँचवा अक्षरप वर्ग का पहला, तीसरा, पाँचवा अक्षरचारों

अन्तस्थ व्यंजन – य र ल वएक उच्छिप्त व्यंजन – ङ

महाप्राण व्यंजन

ऐसे व्यंजन जिनको बोलने में अधिक प्रत्यन करना पड़ता है और बोलते समय मुख से अधिक वायु निकलती है। उन्हें महाप्राण व्यंजन (Mahapran) कहते हैं। इनकी संख्या 15 होती है।

ख घछ झठ ढथ धफ भढ़श ष स हइसमेंक वर्ण का दूसरा, चौथा अक्षरच वर्ण का दूसरा, चौथा अक्षरट वर्ण का दूसरा, चौथा अक्षरत वर्ण का दूसरा, चौथा अक्षरप वर्ण का दूसरा, चौथा अक्षरचारों उष्म व्यंजन – श ष स हएक उच्छिप्त व्यंजन – ढ़

Ushma sounds which can reduce the size of the droplet श ष स ह

अघोष Aghosh: 1, 2, sh shh s श ष स  Non-Vibratory

सघोष  Saghosh: 3,4,5, य, र, ल, व्  ह’ Vibratory

Bengalis do not differentiate between three sibilants

Tamils have no Mahapranas

Combination of maha prana, ushma, and vibratory will be most dangerous: श ष स ह,  घ,  झ,  ढ,  ध, भ

स्टे हेल्दी has 2 sibilants or ushma sounds and will spread the infection far ahead than AUM

काव्य गुण मुख्य रूप से तीन प्रकार के होते हैं –     1. माधुर्य     2. ओज    3. प्रसाद1. माधुर्य गुण : किसी काव्य को पढने या सुनने से ह्रदय में जहाँ मधुरता का संचार होता है , वहाँ माधुर्य गुण होता है । यह गुण विशेष रूप से श्रृंगार, शांत, एवं करुण रस में पाया जाता है।

(अ) माधुर्य गुण युक्त काव्य में कानों को प्रिय लगने वाले मृदु वर्णों का प्रयोग होता है जैसे – क,ख, ग, च, छ, ज, झ, त, द, न, …. आदि ।(ट वर्ग को छोडकर)(ब)  इसमें कठोर एवं संयुक्ताक्षर वाले वर्णों का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता ।(स) आनुनासिक वर्णों की अधिकता |(द) अल्प समास या समास का अभाव

ओजगुण : ओज का शाब्दिक अर्थ है तेजप्रताप या दीप्ति |

जिस काव्य को पढने या सुनने से ह्रदय में ओज, उमंग और उत्साह का संचार होता है, उसे ओज गुण प्रधान काव्य कहा जाता हैं ।यह गुण मुख्य रूप से वीर, वीभत्स, रौद्र और भयानक रस में पाया जाता है ।

(अ)  इस प्रकार के काव्य में कठोर संयुक्ताक्षर वाले वर्णों का प्रयोग होता है ।(ब)   इसमें संयुक्त वर्ण र के संयोगयुक्त ट, ठ, ड, ढ, ण का प्राचुर्य होता है |(स)  समासाधिक्य और कठोर वर्णों की प्रधानता होती है।

प्रसादगुण :

प्रसाद का शाब्दिकार्थ है – निर्मलता , प्रसन्नता ।

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